Tool of Individual Nourishment, Agency off Restaurants Research and you can Peoples Nutrients, Farming College off Athens, 75 Iera Odos St., Athens 11855, Greece; E-Mails: (O.M.); (V.B.); (Good.Z.)
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Abstract
All drinks hydrate and most also provide nutrients and energy. Our objective was to evaluate the contribution of drinks to total energy intake in summer and winter. Data were obtained using the Water Balance Questionnaire (WBQ) from a sample of the general population in Athens, Greece (n = 984), 473 individuals (42 ± 18 years) in summer and 511 individuals (38 ± 20 years) in winter stratified by sex and age. The WBQ embeds a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of 58 foods and the Short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed for the contribution of drinks to total energy intake. In winter, total energy intake was 2082 ± 892 kcal/day; energy intake from drinks was 479 ± 286 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1860 ± 390 kcal/day. In summer, total energy intake was 1890 ± 894 kcal/day, energy intake from drinks 492 ± 499 kcal/day and energy expenditure 1830 ± 491 kcal/day. Energy intake from drinks in summer was higher than in winter (p < 0.001)> Keywords: water balance questionnaire WBQ, winter, summer, hydration, sugar-sweetened drinks, drink
step 1. Addition
Beverages on categories of tea, coffee, dairy, fruit juice, soft drinks, eating plan drinks, energy beverages and alcohol appear in a giant and you can growing level of options. Range joins flavor choice, nutritional requirements, and you will existence requires, incase various products are available, it is more likely to arrived at euhydration .
Products contribute just as much as twenty five%–50% from intake of water [dos,3,4], hence they are important for fulfilling every day liquid means and achieving euhydration. Moisture could have been from the maintenance out-of normal real and intellectual features .
But not, it has been argued you to products lead notably towards broadening being obese prices global [six,7], simply because of their energy content [8,9,10]. In a few training, Sugar Sweetened Beverages (SSB) application has been of gaining weight in children and you can grownups , whenever you are evidence one coming down SSBs often reduce the chance of obesity and related problems including diabetes has been seen due to the fact powerful . Opportunity consumption from drinks has grown significantly for the past 40 ages from the whenever 222 calorie consumption for every single person a day .
Nonetheless, drinks in the individuals groups do not contribute just as to help you time consumption . The power content of your take in and additionally practices designs may suggest or even, we.age., particular caloric drinks is generally ate rarely thus adding little or no so you can daily times consumption. This has been contended one to replacing sweetened caloric drinks with liquid can help treat total time intake when you look at the over weight customers . Nonetheless, usage of sweetened caloric drinks are an intricate question which can be viewed beyond the caloric sum and in the context out-of diet patterns .
Furthermore, as well in order to dining use, various points such as seasonality, exercise membership and you may sex can impact the newest diversity inside drink alternatives and you may contribution so you’re able to complete energy intake. These issues haven’t been completely investigated; next degree in this field will clarify the current matter-of times intake away from losing weight source and you may out of beverages specifically.
From inside the a past analysis presented in the Greece, making use of the Drinking water Equilibrium Survey (WBQ) product, i learned that in the 984 grownups, 24% out of intake of water arises from drinks . There clearly was an unequivocal need to after that advanced within these results, elucidating the fresh new contribution from drinks in order to total times intake and you will equilibrium.