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rest assured, together with – and particularly – one of advantages, our intellectual language is highly organised. There are a lot of relations within solitary terms out-of a vocabulary therefore the definitions ones terms and conditions, correspondingly. Among linguists, these types of interactions are called “semantic interactions”, “experience affairs” otherwise “lexical interactions”. These types of semantic affairs are analysed and you will described for the most area, and also in the next, one ones of these interactions are to be presented.
In order to give a short, important description of your own state-of-the-art, it must be asserted that there are numerous studies about this situation. But not, this report are only able to become a few of them. Books that was utilized can be obtained around part six, “A number of Really works Quoted”. Investment delimitations just have already been produced in terms of outline is actually worried. Because this papers is just an incredibly brief bit of browse, the fresh writers features restricted themselves not to enter into continuously outline, but rather attempt to offer an effective questionnaire of issue.
2.1 Polysemy And you may Homonymy
Polysemy can be described as “an expression found in semantic studies to refer to help you a lexical product which includes a selection of more definitions” (Crystal 1997, 297). Amazingly offers because example to have polysemy the fresh lexical goods “plain”, which includes various meanings “clear”, “unadorned”, “obvious”, etcetera.(ibid. Crystal).
Now, the issue you to definitely arises to own linguists is exactly how to distinguish polysemy out of a different ambiguity, regarding homonymy. Crystal represent homonymy given that “a term utilized in semantic research to mention so you’re able to [a couple of] lexical goods that [accidentally] have a similar function, however, disagree in meaning” (Crystal 1997, 185). Crystal’s instances here are “bear” and you may “ear”. “Bear” can also be describe a pet otherwise have the definition out-of “to carry”, “ear” can also be reference you or even to corn (ibid. Crystal).
In these instances, homonymy discusses one another verbal and created versions, however it is as well as possible that the latest term out-of one or two lexemes is within just one average, in which case linguists manage discuss about it partial homonymy otherwise heteronymy (ibid. Crystal). One can separate 2 kinds of limited homonymy:
– Homography: one or two lexical products have the same created function, however, disagree inside the enunciation (a good example will be the several lexical bits of “lead”, you to noticable [li:d] and you may meaning “to stay top”, one other noticable [led] and you will determining a special form of metal). – Homophony: two lexical affairs have a similar enunciation, however, differ into the spelling
(elizabeth.grams. both lexical products “led” and you may “lead”, all of which can be pronounced [led], the initial being the early in the day demanding from “to guide”, the second again determining a unique types of metal).
two types Off Ambiguity
Therefore, polysemy and homonymy are renowned out of both because of the present or lost relatedness between the meanings that will be designated to 1 phonological mode. What’s the center of your number, ‘s the concern as to what extent this idea of “relatedness” are given. Put simply: how do “relatedness” feel laid out? If a very clear and you will appropriate definition could be considering, the whole problem was repaired, to own then your experience regarding phonological models whoever relatedness are turned out would-be titled “homonymy”, whoever relatedness can not be proved will be named “polysemy”. But not, since goes many times in the field of semantics, one cannot render a definite and you may indisputable definition of the word “relatedness”. There have been two first remedies for this matter, you to definitely given by historic semantics, others by the synchronic semantics.
Historical semantics interprets the notion “relatedness” mostly naturally and that talks out of polysemy in the event that an effective lexeme having some other significance contains a similar etymological origins (Kastovsky 1982, 121). Instances try “game” on the two significance “wild animals” and you will “playful interest” otherwise “funny” meaning both “strange” or “amusing”. Each other instances tell you lexemes whose more meanings have a similar etymological sources and are usually therefore translated since polysemy by the historical semantics.