Research population
Off 2,087 first-12 months children just who underwent a standard test (pre-university) and completed surveys during the Wellness Solution Center away from Okayama University when you look at the , 1,396 college students volunteered for a 3-year realize-up test prior to graduation in the (follow-right up price; 66.9%). For it investigation, i considered participants having a beneficial Body mass index out of ? twenty five.0 kilogram meters ?2 once the fat (16) . I excluded 82 users who have been heavy (Body mass index ? 25 kg yards ?dos ) from the its standard health test. In the end, study from 1,314 children (676 men and you will 638 ladies; 65.3%) had been assessed. The research was approved by the Stability Committee regarding Okayama College or university Scholar College or university out of Drug, Dental and you will Pharmaceutical Sciences (No. 306). Authored consent try obtained from the professionals.
Investigations out of obese/being obese
Regarding the general health test, the brand new peak and the body pounds out of players were mentioned from the university’s personal wellness nurses utilising the Tanita surplus fat analyser (Model Zero. BF-220; Tanita, Tokyo, Japan). Body mass index are computed since the lbs into the kilograms split up of the level into the m squared (23) .
Questionnaire
Participants reported speed off food prior to other people, predicated on certainly five qualitative groups: slow, normal, prompt, and incredibly quick. New validity and you may precision of survey is already verified and you can used for researching contacts anywhere between thinking-advertised dinner rates and you may obesity (24) . I combined quick and also punctual responses towards a single class away from food quickly and slow and you may normal solutions on the a single group of restaurants sluggish (8) .
With other existence situations, responses were given by people in a beneficial “yes/no” style the following: an irregular diet plan (we https://datingranking.net/it/incontri-nei-tuoi-30-anni/.elizabeth., irregular mealtime), bypassing break fast, dinner until complete, appear to snacking and/otherwise restaurants at night, appear to taking fatty foods, appear to dining greens, appear to eating fast food, seem to dining chocolate, frequently sipping (sugar-sweetened) sodas, regular physical exercise, and you may habitual drinking (16, 20) . This new survey try held at the baseline.
Analytical research
Paired t, unpaired t, Fisher’s exact, and chi-squared tests were used to determine whether there were any significant differences between baseline and re-examination, or normal weight and overweight groups. Using a logistic regression model, both odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Being overweight at the 3-year follow-up was used as a dependent variable. Gender, eating quickly, and frequently consuming fatty foods at baseline were added as independent variables on multivariate analysis according to the guidelines of a previous study (25) . All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (21.0J for Windows; SPSS Japan, Tokyo, Japan). A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Performance
There were no significant differences in prevalence of eating quickly and body composition at baseline between participants who were followed up and those who were not (data not shown). Table 1 shows the characteristics of participants. Overall, 207 male (30.2%) and 198 female (31.0%) participants reported eating quickly. Of the 38 participants (2.9%) who became overweight, none were obese (BMI ? 30 kg m ?2 ). There was a significant difference in body composition between baseline and re-examination data (P < 0.05).
- a suggest ± important departure.
- bP < 0.05, paired t test. Baseline vs. after 3 years.
- cP < 0.05, ? 2 test.
- dn (%).
In both male and female participants, a higher prevalence of those who ate quickly was observed in the overweight group compared with the normal weight group (P < 0.05). The prevalence of participants who ate quickly and frequently consumed fatty foods was significantly higher in the overweight group than in the normal weight group (P < 0.05).
- a keen (%).